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HMS ''Calypso'' was a corvette (designated as a third-class cruiser from 1887〔Winfield (2004), p.265〕) of the Royal Navy and the name ship of her class. Built for distant cruising in the heyday of the British Empire, she served as a warship and training vessel until 1922, when she was sold. As originally classified as a screw corvette,〔A ''screw corvette'' was a propeller-driven small cruiser.〕 ''Calypso'' was one of the Royal Navy’s last sailing corvettes. She supplemented her extensive sail rig with a powerful engine. Among the first of the smaller cruisers to be given steel hulls, instead of iron, she nevertheless was cased with timber and coppered below the water line, as were wooden ships.〔Archibald (1971), p. 43.〕 Unlike her more famous sister , ''Calypso'' had a quiet career, consisting mainly of training cruises in the Atlantic Ocean. In 1902 she was sent to the colony of Newfoundland, where she served as a training vessel for the Newfoundland Royal Naval Reserve before and during the First World War. In 1922 she was declared surplus and sold, then used as a storage hulk. Her hull still exists, awash in a coastal bay off Newfoundland. ==Design== (詳細はNathaniel Barnaby. Part of a long line of cruiser classes built for protecting trade routes and colonial police work,〔Lyon (1980), pp. 21–22, 35–40.〕 they were the last two sailing corvettes built for the Royal Navy. Corvettes had been built of iron since the of 1867, but the ''Calypso''s and the preceding were instead built of steel. Corvettes were designed to operate across the vast distances of Britain's maritime empire, and could not rely on dry docks for maintenance. Since iron (and steel) hulls were subject to biofouling, and they could not easily be cleaned, the established practice of copper sheathing was extended to protect them; the metal plating of the hull was timber-cased and coppered below the waterline.〔 The ''Calypso''s differed from the ships of the preceding ''Comus'' class in armament, including new 6-inch rifles in place of the 7-inch muzzleloaders and 64-pounders that originally armed the first ships of the parent class. Although similar in general appearance to their predecessors, the ''Calypso''s had guns sponsoned out both fore and aft and had no gunports under the quarterdeck and foredeck. They were also slightly longer, had a deeper draught, and displaced 390 tons more.〔Archibald (1971), p. 49.〕 ''Calypso''s engine produced an indicated were of 4,023 horsepower, over 50% more powerful than those of her nine half-sisters, which gave her one more knot of speed.〔 This compound-expansion engine could drive ''Calypso'' at 13¾ knots, or 14¾ knots with forced draught.〔 She nevertheless wore a barque rig of sail on three masts,〔Published sources state the class had barque rigs, Paine (2000), vol. 799, p. (29 ), which is shown in some images. Other drawings and photographs show a ship rig, with yards and square sails on the mizzenmast. Archibald (1970), p. 49; J.S. Virtue & Co., (lithograph of ''HMS "Calliope", 3rd Class Cruiser'' ). See Commons images linked immediately above at ''See also'', and photographs linked below.〕 including a full set of studding sails on her fore and mainmast.〔Harland, John H. (1985), ''Seamanship in the Age of Sail'', p. (172 ). Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 0-87021-955-3.〕 This rig enabled her to serve in areas where coaling stations were rare, and to rely entirely on her sails for propulsion. The class therefore was well-suited to her designed role: trade protection and distant cruising service for the British Empire at its Victorian peak.〔Navy Historical Center, (HMS ''Calliope'' (1884-1951). )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Calypso (1883)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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